Week 4-British Political System(PPT课件).pptVIP

10 Downing Street The Privy Council枢密院 The Privy Council includes all ministers and ex-ministers, the holders of certain offices outside the political executive and some other people to whom membership has been given as an honor. 1 Includes all ministers and ex-ministers 2 3 Have the power to make certain executive orders and proclamations The Privy Council Include the holders of certain offices ; people who has been given as an honor The Civil Service 公务员 The civil servants are politically neutral. They are paid with public money. They are career officials serving the elected political government of the day. They themselves aren’t elected. They’re officials who remain in office despite changes in government. They are well-educated elite, dominated by Oxbridge (75%). To enter at the higher levels of the civil service you have to pass a rigorous civil service exam. Local Government 3 layers: county councils (郡议会) district councils (区议会) community or parish councils (社区或教区议会) County councilors make important decisions on local issues that affect people’s everyday lives, such as education, social care, transport, the environment and future developments. District councilors work to improve the quality of life for people in their wards (区) and make decisions about local issues. Parish（教区） town or community Councils have limited powers. They can provide certain facilities such as recreational facilities, public conveniences and cemeteries. The Devolution (地方分权／权力下放) Devolution is where power is transferred from a superior governmental body (such as central power) to an inferior one (such as at regional level). Since Tony Blair’s constitutional reforms at the end of the 20th century, more power has been devolved from Westminster to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Scottish Parliament -- 1998 The Welsh Assembly -- 1998 The Northern Ireland Assembly -- 1998 45 counties England Wales 12 regions Scotland 26 districts Nor