传染性支气管炎(含)（Infectious bronchitis (including)）.docVIP

传染性支气管炎(含)（Infectious bronchitis (including)） Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory and urogenital disease in chickens. Its characteristic is cough, sneezing, tracheal rales and respiratory mucosa showed serous inflammation. If nephrosis changes, infectious bronchitis, still can appear disease, kidney of the chicken is swollen, the pathological change such as uric acid deposit inside ureter and ureter. The chicks usually exhibit respiratory symptoms such as nasal fluid, dyspnea, and sometimes death. It is common for laying hens to reduce egg production and protein quality. The history and distribution of the disease was first discovered in the United States in North Dakota in the spring of 1930. In 1931, it was officially reported by Schalk and Hawn. In 1936, Beach and Schalm identified the cause of the disease. In 1937, Beaudette and Hudson developed the virus using chicken embryos for the first time. In 1956, Jungherr et al demonstrated that the IB pathogen was more than one serotype. In 1962, Winterfield and Hitchner found nephrotic variant of infectious bronchitis (IB-nephrosisform). At present, the disease has been found in most chicken areas around the world. In 1972, Professor Kuang Ronglu first reported the existence of IB in Guangdong. Since then, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have reported that the disease has spread to most parts of the country, causing great economic losses to the chicken industry. The pathogeny is infectious bronchitis virus (infectiousbronchitisvirus, IBV), which belongs to the coronavirus family, and is a representative species of this genus. IBV is round or oval in shape, about 120nm in diameter, and the virion has capsule membrane with a long fiber like protuberance about 20nm long. The floating density of each strain in sucrose solution is different, and the peak value is always between (1.15 ~ 1.18) g/ml. When centrifugation, in order to avoid the loss of viral fiber, the centrifugal forc