压电效应（Piezoelectric effect）.doc

压电效应（Piezoelectric effect） 1. piezoelectric material should be referred to as a kind of nature, called piezoelectric effect 2. piezoelectric effect: by physics, some ionic crystal dielectric (such as quartz, potassium tartrate, sodium titanate, barium titanate, etc.) not only under the influence of electric field, but also under the influence of mechanical force, will produce polarization. The application of mechanical force in a certain direction of these dielectric and produce deformation, will cause the polarization and the electric charge transfer center inside it relatively, which leads to the two opposite surfaces (polarization) on the charge of opposite sign, and the electric displacement D (in the MKS unit system charge the density and the stress tensor sigma) is directly proportional to T; when the external force disappears, and the recovery is not charged when the external force to change the status quo;, charge polarity change. This phenomenon is called positive piezoelectric effect, or piezoelectric effect. The principle of piezoelectric sensor is a piezoelectric effect of some crystals based on piezoelectric materials are widely used now in quartz and barium titanate crystal under pressure, when the mechanical deformation, have opposite charges on two sides of the opposite, this phenomenon is called piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric materials mainly used in piezoelectric sensors include quartz, potassium tartrate, sodium salt and phosphoric acid two hydrogen amine. The quartz (silica) is a kind of natural crystal, piezoelectric effect in the crystal is found in, in a certain temperature range, the piezoelectric properties has always been there, but after the temperature exceeds this range, the piezoelectric properties disappear completely (the high temperature is the so-called Curie point). As the stress changes, the electric field changes little (i.e., the piezoelectric coefficient is low), so quartz is gradually replaced by other piezoelectric cryst