语法讲义的笔记(自己总结的 未完)（Grammar notes (own summary unfinished)）.doc

语法讲义的笔记(自己总结的 未完)（Grammar notes (own summary unfinished)） Grammar notes Chapter 1 grammatical units 1, morpheme A morpheme that can be constructed into a sentence is called a free morpheme, whereas it is called a bound morpheme. The fixed morpheme is called the positioning morpheme, otherwise it is called the indefinite morpheme. The free morphemes are all indefinite morphemes, and the agglutinative language is called the positioning morpheme, which is somewhat indefinite morpheme. 2 words A morpheme that can be a word alone is called a word element, whereas it cannot be called a word element. Words and morphemes can be distinguished by substitution or extension. But we cant generalize. For example, we think of haircut as a word, and think of the extended format (for haircut, haircut, haircut) as a phrase. Bathing, sleeping, walking, dancing, falling in, losing, etc are the same as haircuts. To see, say, remember, to dye, to put down, to put on, there is a limit to expansion, that is, to insert get or no, so we think of them as phrases. 3 phrases Several types of phrases: partial structure, predicate object structure, verb complement structure, subject predicate structure, joint structure, predicates. The first part of the leaning structure is called modifier, and the latter is called the center. Between the modifier and the central word link is not exactly the same, the modifier that certain properties of the Language Center (Book) or material (wood house); modifier said possessive modifier; number; modifier said after the action mode of action (go) degree or some properties (fresh). The first three kinds of modifiers are called attributive, and the latter is called adverbial. There are several types of predicate and object predicate object structure with object that the object, applying action or behavior to wash clothes; object refers is the action or behavior, writing; object that the premises, mountain climbing; object that active action or behavior (the thing)