《Electronic Circuit Design1模拟电子技术》Week 16S.pdfVIP

Week Number 16 Subject Code EE-1029 Subject Electronic Circuit Design 1 Lecturer Prof Hicks KEY POINTS Understand the key characteristics of analogue and digital signals. Understand the concept of gain and be able to derive the gain required in simple circuits. Understand the decibel notation and be able to convert voltage ratios to dB and vice versa. Solutions (a). This is an opportunity to discuss the characteristics of analogue and digital signals and help students to understand the difference between them. Analogue signals are generally continuous functions of time f(t). If the form of the function f(t) is to be preserved we need to operate on the signals with circuits that have a linear response. Digital signals are discontinuous functions in time. Typically the signal can take one of two possible states – ‘off’ or ‘on’; ‘0’ or ‘1’; 0V or +5V. Transitions between the two states occur instantaneously (in the ideal case) – could introduce here the idea that in reality even signals that we regard as digital have certain analogue characteristics (rise and fall times; noise etc.) (b) Sensitivity of thermocouple is 2μV per °C; range is from 0°C to 1500°C Hence max output voltage is 1500 x 2μV = 3mV Voltmeter reads 2V full scale, so let 1,500°C correspond to 1.5V. Therefore gain required is 1.5/0.003 = 500 Answer: Gain = 500 1 (c) Converting the gain to dB Voltage gain (dB) = 20log10 [Gain] For gain = 500, this corresponds to 54dB (d) Conversion to decibels: Voltage Gain Gain (dB) = 20log10 [Voltage Gain] 100 40dB 100,000 100dB 0.5 -6dB Power gain (dB) = 10log10 [Gain] Thus a pow