导引与导航概论-成功大学.DOC

導引與導航概論 Introduction of Guidance and Navigation ◎成功大學航空太空工程學系◎ References 1) M. Kayton and W.R. Fried, Avionics Navigation Systems, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1997. 2) R.P.G. Collinson, Introduction to Avionics, 1996. 3) J. Roskam, “Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls”, 1979. 4) R.C. Nelson, Flight Stability and Automatic Control, 1989, 滄海書局.1. INTRODUCTION OF FLIGHT 1.1 Definitions ○ Every flight has its own purpose: ( The purpose of guidance is to answer which ways may lead me to my destination. There is no big difference between Guidance and Navigation, but still some can be found. ( For example, Guidance assumes you know where you are and how far from your destination while Navigation assumes you dont know where you are but you have tools to find your present location. 《Flight System》 ○ Look into a flight: ( To achieve the goal, every flight needs to define its final destination. To get the final position, a suitable flight system is required. ( A simple diagram to the system is as follow, 【Flight Plan】－－＞【Guidance Control 】 －－＞【Navigation System】－－＞【Flight Plan】 ○ Flight Plan: ( A simple flight plan is a flight log (worksheet) that includes the departure point, true air speed, wind direction, heading angle, time of flight, total distance, and arrival point. As a result, the whole flight path (with airways or flight routes) is designed in the plan. ○ Navigation System: ( The navigation system consists of sensor hardware and computation software to provide the desired information. The information then is compared to the designed flight path. ○ Guidance Control: ( If an airplane is off-track, its guidance control then drives the plane back to its intended track. The guidance system consists of a set of control hardware (sensors, servo’s, actuators, and surfaces), control laws, and computation devices.  1.2 Guidance versus Navigation ○ Ancient Word: ( The ancient word of Navigation comes from the combination of