生物柴油生产技术.pdfVIP

2005 24 6 CH EMICAL INDUST RY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 5 梁 斌 ( , , 610065) 综述了生物柴油生产的原料催化剂和生产工艺等相关研究进展介绍了生物柴油的生产几乎可以采 所有的天然油脂作为原料, 原料的来源对其性质有 一定的影响目前生物柴油工业化生产工艺主要是均相的 酸碱催化酯交换反应, 很多都是在常压低温下进行均相酸碱催化剂的优点是反应转化率高, 但是废催化 剂会带来环境问题非均相催化剂和酶催化剂则是目前研究的热点, 固体碱固定化酶等催化剂可以很容易从 反应产物中分离出来高温高压技术超临界技术等被 于酯交换反应过程, 反应可以在数分钟内完成高速 乳化技术超声技术及微波技术等反应强化手段可以改善酯交换过程中的传质过程, 有利于不完全互溶的醇油 两相进行反应 生物柴油; 酯交换反应; 酸碱催化剂; 酶催化剂 TE 62624; TK 4289 A 1000 6613( 2005) 06 05 09 Manufacture Technologies of Biodiesel L iang B in ( Laboratory of Multi phase Mass Transfer and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065) Abstract The article review ed the progresses about materials, catalysts and production technologies of biodiesel production. Biodiesel, derivated from natural oil and fat, is an environmental benign alternative of fossil fuel production. The origin of oil/ fat influences, more or less, on the properties of biodiesel. Transesterification is the standard method to manufacture biodiesel. Commercially used catalysts are homogeneous acids or bases. Most of the processes operate under atmospheric pressure and moderate temperature. They have rather high oil conversion. How ever, the seperation of waste catalysts brings about some enviromental problems. More and more researches focused on heterogeneous catalysts and enzyme catalysts. The heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from the product. Many new technologies, such as elevated temperature and pressure technique, supper critical technique, can greatly accelerate the transesterification reaction of bi