第二节上尿路结石（Second, upper urinary calculi）.docVIP

第二节上尿路结石（Second, upper urinary calculi） Second, upper urinary calculi The clinical manifestations of renal and ureteral calculi (renal, ureteral, calculi) are also called upper urinary stones. The main symptoms are pain and hematuria. The degree is related to the location, size, activity, damage, infection, obstruction and so on. Pain and kidney stones can cause pain in the kidney area, accompanied by pain in the ribs and horns. There is no obvious clinical symptom in the big stone and the calyx stone in the pelvis, and the abdomen or the waist is dull after the activity. Ureteral stones can cause renal colic (R enal COHC), the typical performance of severe unbearable pain, paroxysmal attacks at the waist or abdomen, and the ureter acts, radiation to the ipsilateral groin, also involving the ipsilateral testis or labia. Stones in the middle ureter, pain radiating to the middle and lower abdomen. The ureter bladder stones in the wall or the ureteral orifice, may be associated with bladder irritation and urethra and penis head pain. Renal colic is common in stones and causes ureteral obstruction. Hematuria usually has microscopic or microscopic hematuria. The latter is more common, and sometimes microscopic hematuria is the only clinical manifestation of upper urinary tract stones. The amount of hematuria is related to the degree of urinary tract mucosa damage caused by stones. If the stone causes a complete obstruction of the urinary tract or is not fixed (e.g., a small renal stone), there may be no hematuria. When nausea and vomiting lead to urinary tract obstruction, the ureteral lumen increases and the local expansion of the tube wall, spasm and ischemia occur. Nausea and vomiting resulting from a common innervation of the ureter and intestine. Bladder irritation or ureteral calculi with infection of bladder wall stone, can have frequent micturition, urgency and dysuria. Complications secondary to acute pyelonephritis calculi or kidney abscess, may have chills, fe