八年级物理（Eighth-grade physics）.docVIP

八年级物理（Eighth-grade physics） Chapter I phenomenon 1. Production of sound: The sound is produced by the vibration of the object; All sound objects in vibration (people by vocal cord vibration voice, bees by vibration voice, the little black spots under the wings of the wind is the air vibration voice, voice control instrument vibration test of the air inside column, string string vibration voice, drum by raised voices, vibration Zhong Kao clock vibration voice, etc.); 2. Vibration stop, sound stop; But the sound did not disappear immediately (because the original sound was still spreading); 3. Sound body can be solid, liquid and gas; 4. The vibration of the sound can be recorded and can be reconstituted (the production and play of records); Ii. Transmission of sound: 1. The transmission of sound requires media; Medium: the material required for sound propagation is called dielectric. Solid, liquid and gas can transmit sound. Sound travels at least in solids (farthest in solids, track sound), and in general, sound travels the fastest in solids, and the most slow in gases (excluding cork); 2. Vacuum cant be heard, astronauts on the moon can only talk on the radio. 3. The sound travels in the form of waves (sound waves); Note: a sound object must vibrate, vibrate not to hear the sound; 4. Sound speed: the distance of the object is called sound velocity per second, and the unit is m/s; The formula for sound velocity is v =; The speed of sound in the air is 340m/s; The influence factors of sound velocity: the type of medium, the temperature of the medium Echo: voice in the process of transmission, reflected back encounter obstacles, and introduced into peoples ears, ears hear the sound of the reflected that echo (such as: the echo of the mountain, thunder rumbling in the summer, the temple of heaven in Beijing echo wall) 1, heard the echo conditions: the original and the echo time between above 0.1 s (the teacher cant hear the teachers voice echoing in the, narrow room sou