托福听力解析2015年3月28日(下)免费下载.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力解析2015年3月28日(下)免费下载 摘要： 相比大家都看了托福听力解析2015年3月28日(上)了，那么接下来小编为大家准备的就是托福听力解析2015年3月28日(下)的基本内容，我们一起来看看吧。 今天小编为大家整理的资料是 托福 听力解析2015年3月28日(下)免费下载的基本内容，如果你是本期考试的同学，或者你还在备考阶段，都可以看看哦。 Lecture 3 考古。介绍post classical时期的玛雅文明。传统认为这个时期玛雅文明已经衰落了。但一个地区的考古发现其实并没有，但其他地区的确衰落了。 -TPO部分对应参考 (考古类TPO23-L1/TPO24-L3) -参考背景 The ancient Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, noted for Maya script, the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador. This region consists of the northern lowlands, encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain. The Pre classic period saw the establishment of the first sedentary communities in the Maya region, and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet, including maize, beans, squashes, and chili peppers. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC, and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture, including large temples with elaborate stuccofa?ades. Hieroglyphic writing was being used in the Maya region by the 3rd century BC. In the Late Pre classic a number of large cities developed in the Petén Basin, and Kaminaljuyu rose to prominence in the Guatemalan Highlands. Beginning around 250 AD, the Classic period is largely defined by when the Maya were raising sculpted monuments with Long Count dates. This period saw the Maya civilization give rise to a large number of city-states linked by a complex trade network. In the Maya Lowlands, the two great rivals Tikal and Calakmul became powerful. The Classic period also