新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册Unit5A.docxVIP

Will?you?be?a?worker?or?a?laborer?你想做工作者还是劳役者？To?be?truly?happy,?a?person?must?feel?both?free?andimportant.?People?are?never?happy?if?they?feelcompelled?by?society?to?do?work?they?do?not?enjoy,?orif?what?they?do?enjoy?is?ignored?by?society?as?havingno?value?or?importance.?In?a?society?where?slavery?inthe?strict?sense?has?been?abolished,?the?socialindications?around?work,?the?value?of?work?and?thesalary,?have?degraded?many?laborers?into?modernslaves?- wage?slaves.一个人要想真正快乐，必须觉得自己既自由又重要。如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作，或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视，那他绝不会快乐。在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里，工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水，已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶——“薪奴”。People?are?considered?laborers?if?their?job?has?an?adverse?effect?on?them,?yet?they?feelcompelled?to?continue?working?by?the?necessity?of?conforming?to?societal?expectations?andearning?the?revenue?to?support?themselves?and?their?families.?The?polar?opposite?of?labor?is?play.When?we?play?a?game,?we?enjoy?what?we?are?doing,?but?it?is?a?purely?private?pastime;?societydoes?not?care?when?or?whether?we?play.如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响，但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作，那么他们就被认为是劳役者。劳役的对立面是玩乐。当我们玩游戏时，我们很享受正在做的事情，但这仅仅是个人娱乐。社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。Between?labor?and?play?stands?work.?People?are?labeled?as?workers?if?their?personal?interestscoincide?with?the?jobs?society?pays?them?to?do;?what?is?necessary?labor?from?the?point?of?viewof?society?is?voluntary?play?from?the?individuals?personal?point?of?view.?Whether?a?job?is?to?bedesignated?as?labor?or?work?depends,?not?on?the?job?itself,?but?on?the?tastes?of?the?individualwho?undertakes?it.?The?difference?does?not,?for?example,?correlate?with?the?difference?betweena?manual?and?mental?job?or?between?jobs?of?low?or?high?esteem;?a?gardener?covered?in?dirt?ina?greenhouse?may?be?a?worker?while?a?well-dressed?city?mayor?may?prove?to?be?an?unhappylaborer!处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合，他们就被称为工作者。社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身，而是承担这份活的个人感受。比如，二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者！Peoples?attitude?toward?their