高级英语下讲义Lesson4.docVIP

? ? Lesson four　The Tragedy of Old Age in America ? ? 　　一、Words and Expressions　　1.adj.adverse不利的,相反的,敌对的　　contrary,opposing,hostile　　adverse wind/ circumstances 逆风,逆境　　adv.adversely　　n.adversity逆境,不幸,苦难unfavorable condition 　　to keep/remain cheerful in adversity　　to face adversity with courage　　n.adversary 对手,敌手opponent　　He defeated his old adversary.　　2.adj.arbitrary任意的(at random),专横的dictatorial　　an arbitrary ruler/power 　　adv.arbitrarilyn.arbitrariness　　3.vt./n.barricade 阻止,阻碍（barrier）　　erect the barricades　　barricade sb.in/out of sth.　　They barricaded themselves in their rooms.　　barricade sth.off设障碍封锁……　　The police barricaded off the entrance to the square.　　n.barrierhindrance 　　Poor health is a barrier to success.　　cultural/language barrier隔阂　　barrier of race and religion　　4.come to terms with sb./sth.= reach an agreement　　5.vt.conserve 保存,保护,节约使用　　conserve wildlife 保护野生动物　　preserve（保护,保持,保存）/deserve（值得）　　6.adj.contingent (up)on sth.依……情况而定,视……而定的,有条件的　　dependent on sth.Our success is contingent upon your continued help.　　n.contingency 偶发事件　　contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划/安排　　7.cost of living:expense,expenditure　　at the cost of sth.以……为代价　　cover the cost　　8.v.debilitate 使虚弱make sb.weak　　a debilitating illness　　Huge debts are debilitating our economy.　　n.debility 虚弱,衰弱　　After operation,she suffered from general debility.　　9.defect　　n.缺点,毛病,瑕疵fault,shortcoming 　　a defect of character 　　a defect of education system　　adj.defective:imperfect,incomplete 　　be defective in sth.　　be defective in ones character 　　Her hearing is found to be slightly defective.她的听力稍弱。　　adv.defectively　　10.deprive sb.of sth.:take sth.away from sb.　　dispossess sb.of sth.　　Someone is deprived of civil rights　　n.deprivation　　（1）suffer deprivation of ones rights as a citizen　　（2）widespread deprivation caused by unemployment = poverty　　（3） Missing the holiday is a great deprivation.= loss　　adj.deprived:poor 贫困的　　a deprived area