浙工大信号和系统 第十章.pptVIP

Chapter 10 The Z-Transform; z-transform is the discrete-time counterpart of the Laplace transform. z-transform expand the application in which Fourier analysis can be used. ;10.1 The z-Transform;For r = 1, or equivalently, |z| = 1, z-transform equation reduces to the Fourier transform (on the unit circle in z-plane). ;For convergence of X(z), we require;Example 10.2 Determine the z-transform of ;Some useful z-transform pairs;Example 10.3 Consider a signal that is the sum of two real exponentials: ;Example 10.4 Consider the signal ;Property 1 The ROC of X(z) consists of a ring in the z-plane centered about the origin.;Example 10.5 Consider the unit sample signal δ[n]. ;Property 4 If x[n] is a right-sided sequence, the ROC is outside a circle in the z-plane.;Property 6 If x[n] is two sided, the ROC will consist of a ring in the z-plane.;Example 10.7;Property 8 If the z-transform X(z) of x[n] is rational, and if x[n] is right sided, then the ROC is the region in the z-plane outside the outermost pole. Furthermore, if x[n] is causal, then the ROC also includes z = ∞. ;Example 10.8 Consider all of the possible ROCs that can be connected with the function;Multiplying both sides by , ;contour integration (围线积分) partial-fraction expansion（部分分式展开） power-series expansion (幂级数展开) ;Example 10.9～10.10 Consider the z-transform ;Partial-fraction expansion;Example 10.12 Consider the z-transform ;Example 10.13;Sequence x[n] is left-sided, arrange the numerator polynomial and the denominator polynomial with an order of the power of z increasing（分子分母多项式按升幂排列）;When unit circle (|z| = 1) is in the ROC , the discrete-time Fourier transform exists. ;pole: z = a zero: z = 0;pole: z = a zero: z = 0;10.5.1 Linearity;10.5.2 Time Shifting;10.5.3 Scaling in the z-Domain;10.5.6 Conjugation ;Since;10.5.8 Differentiation in the z-Domain;10.5.9 The Initial- and Final-Value Theorems ;10.7 Analysis and Characterization of LTI Systems Using z-Transfo