第三讲 劳动市场和AD-AS模型.ppt

第三讲 劳动市场与AD-AS模型; 短期分析 凯恩斯定理 总需求视角 没有涉及价格的变动;对总需求增加的中期反应;§1. 劳动市场基本概念;Current Population Survey Every month, the U.S. Census Bureau surveys 50,000 households to establish the sex, age, and job market status of each member of the household. Working-age population （ Civilian Non-institutional Pop.） Total number of people aged 16 years and over who are not in a jail, hospital, or some other form of institutional care. The working-age population is divided into those in the labor force and those not in the labor force. Labor force The number of people employed plus the number unemployed.;失业率：The percentage of people in the labor force who are unemployed.;A Tour of the Labor Market;The participation rate=;Movements in Unemployment;忻萄燎幌枷惰毗锌塘嗽自弹巍逛元兔竿谆霞称散岗瑟抹湛毋踊挤刚问墩堑第三讲 劳动市场和AD-AS模型Principles of Economics, Karl Case, Ray Fair;Cyclical unemployment ：The fluctuating unemployment over the business cycle that increases during a recession and decreases during an expansion. Frictional unemployment： The unemployment that arises from normal labor turnover—from people entering and leaving the labor force and from the ongoing creation and destruction of jobs. Structural unemployment is the portion of unemployment that is due to changes in the structure of the economy that result in a significant loss of jobs in certain industries. It arises when changes in technology or international competition change the skills needed to perform jobs or change the locations of jobs.;按照凯恩斯的理论，失业一般分为三种：;Full employment When there is no cyclical unemployment or, equivalently, when all the unemployment is frictional or structural. Natural unemployment rate The unemployment rate at full employment.;§3. 古典的劳动市场理论;The labor demand curve illustrates the amount of labor that firms want to employ at each given wage rate.;If labor demand decreases, the equilibrium wage will fall. Anyone who wants a job at W1 will have one. There is always full employment in this sense.;If wages “stick” at W0 ra