2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习：非谓语动词作定语与状语.doc

2013年 HYPERLINK / 同等学力英语语法专项复习：非谓语动词作定语和状语 第四节? 非谓语动词作定语和状语?一、总述非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是动词的非限定形式。在句子中起着一些特殊的作用。一般来说，动词不定式可充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分；动名词只可作句子的主语、定语、表语、宾语和补语；分词只能作定语、表语、状语及补语。即使是作同一种成分，不同非谓语形式之间仍然存在差异。不定式作状语时，可表示目的、原因、结果和方式等；分词作状语不仅可表示原因、结果方式，还可以表示时间、条件、伴随情况及让步等。因此考生在做题时应分析状语表达的是何种意思，才能做也正确的选择。非谓语动词的时态、语态的表达形式见下表： ???? 二、重要考点 1. 动词不定式不定式是指带to 的动词原形（使用中有时不带to），在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语和状语。A. 作定语(1) 动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后有必要的介词。例如：He’s a pleasant fellow to work with. There’s nothing to worry about. (2) 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如：time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan 等。例如：Women should have the right to receive education. There is no time to hesitate. (3) the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式作定语。例如：The monitor will be the first to come. He was the last man to blame. B. 作状语(1) 作目的状语不定式作状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般置于句子末尾。但是，如果表示强调，亦可置于句首。其否定形式为：在不定式符号前加not。例如：He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. (2) 作结果状语。例如：We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.She left home, never to return again. (3) 作原因状语不定式作原因状语时，一般放在句子末尾。例如：She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene. (4) 有些固定词组带to 不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分。这些词有：to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth 等。例如：To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing. To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill. ?2. 动名词动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式，由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成。与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。以下主要介绍其作定语及状语的情况。A. 作定语。例如：None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden. B. 作状语介词 + 动名词可以作状语用，表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如：After finishing the job, he went home. He was blamed for having done something wrong. They went to Manchester w