虚拟语气carol.pptVIP

虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood I.动词的语气简介： 语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。 动词的三种语气： 1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well. 2、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass. 3、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑 推测、祝愿等。 在运用虚拟语气时，我们可以从以下四个方面着手： 首先判断句子是否需要虚拟语气 再判断句子是属于那种类型的虚拟语气 确定谓语动词所表示的时间是现在过去还是将来 最后选择合适的谓语动词形式 虚拟语气的类型： 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用 2. 虚拟语气在“愿望”虚拟句中的运用 3. 虚拟语气在“似乎”虚拟句中的运用 4. 虚拟语气在特定词语的名词性从句中的运用（宾语、主语、表语及同位语从句） 5. 虚拟语气在某些状语从句中的运用 6. 其他情况 If 条件句： 1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句 4）省略if的倒装句 5）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词等后） 1）if真实条件句 If it _____ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _____________ (put off) . 构成——从句：一般现在时 主句：将来时 答案：rains，will be put off If虚拟条件句： (1)虚拟语气现在时.  用以表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况. E.g.. If I were a bird, I would fly to you. If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. (2) 虚拟语气过去式 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设. E.g.. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. (3)虚拟语气将来式. 表与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况. Eg. If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. If there should be no air, there would be no living things. ATTENTION 错综时间虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。 Eg. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在). 省略if的倒装句 e.g. If they were here, they would help us. 含蓄条件句 “愿望 ”虚拟式 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示现在，过去或将来不太可能实现的愿望。 1）表示现在的愿望 谓语动词用一般过去时，系动词用were。 I wish I knew his address. I wish he were a teacher. 2）表示过去的愿望 谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。 I wish I had not told him the news. 3) 表示将来的愿望 谓语动词用“would(could,might)+动词原形”。 I wish I could read the novel in English. 虚拟语气用于would /had better, would just as soon, would s