地图的数学基础（The mathematical foundations of a map）.docVIP

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地图的数学基础（The mathematical foundations of a map）.doc

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地图的数学基础（The mathematical foundations of a map）

地图的数学基础（The mathematical foundations of a map） Content: Document Resource Library The new Cartography Course Electronic lesson plan The second chapter is the mathematical foundation of the map The second chapter is the mathematical foundation of the map The application of section 1 Section 2 earth earth coordinates and geodetic positioning section 3 section 4 map projection map projection The mathematical basis of the second chapter of the new map cartography course The surface of the earth, 1 natural earth body 1.1 In the vastness of the universe: the earth is a smooth, blue, beautiful sphere of the right sphere. The shuttle overlooks the earth: the earths surface is a slightly undulating, extremely complex surface. Fact is: The earth is not a regular sphere, but a slightly shorter radius, a slightly elliptical sphere at the equatorial radius. Long, slightly pointed north pole, slightly flattened Antarctic, near pear (Apple) shaped ellipsoid The mathematical basis of the second chapter of the new map cartography course 1.2 the physical surface of the earth When the ocean is stationary, the free surface and the surface of each point on the direction of gravity (plumb line) into the orthogonal surface called geoid (Ocean). Among the many levels, one coincides with the stationary average sea surface, and assumes that it crosses the continents and islands to form a closed surface, which is the geoid. It is actually a rough and bumpy place The gravitational equipotential surface of the geophysical surface. The form that surrounds it is called the earth. The mathematical basis of the second chapter of the new map cartography course 1.3. 1.3 the mathematical surface of the earth The earth rotates round the short axis. In surveying and mapping, the spheroid is replaced by the ellipsoid of rotation, which is usually called the earth ellipsoid, or ellipsoid. It is a regular mathematical surface, so people regard it as the mathematical surface of the earth, and it is also the