张家界地貌形成演化的地学背景分析.PDF

张家界地貌形成演化的地学背景分析 吴中海 赵希涛 Wu Zhonghai and Zhao Xitao 摘要：武陵源风景区是张家界世界地质公园的核心景区之一，它以独特的砂岩峰林地 貌闻名于世，关于它的命名、成因和形成演化等曾引起了众多学者的热议和关注[1～13] 。 前人对张家界武陵源景区的地貌类型和特征进行了较为系统的总结和分析后，为了有别于 喀斯特地貌中岩溶峰林地貌，倾向于将其称之为“张家界地貌”或“张家界砂岩峰林地 貌”[1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13] 。了解地质背景及其科学含义一直是地质公园建设的重要目标之一 [9]，之前对张家界地貌的研究多局限于对砂岩峰林及相关砂岩地层的分析，通过实地调查 和分析相关地质资料后，这里将张家界地貌的形成演化纳入该区的整个地史演化过程中， 并结合最近的新生代地貌演化调查结果来对其进行探讨。 Abstract ：The Wulingyuan scenic area is one of the core scenic spots of the Zhangjiajie World Geological Park. It is well known by its unique sandstone peak forest landform. The name, origin, and formation and evolution of such a geomorphic landscape have attracted many researchers to discuss lively [1~13]. The geomorphic type and characteristics of the Wulingyuan scenic area were analyzed and summed up more systemically. In order to distinguish between its sandstone peak forests and the Karst peak forests, most of researchers tend to name such a geomorphy “the Zhangjiajie geomorphy ” or “the Zhangjiajie sandstone peak forest geomorphy” [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13]. To understand geological settings and their scientific implications is always one of the important targets of the geological park construction [9]. The previous studies of geomorphic characteristics in Zhangjiajie were mostly limited to analyses of sandstone peak forests themselves and their related sandstone strata. Through the field investigation and the analyses of previous geological data, especially using the recent study results of the Cenozoic geomorphic evolution, we incorporate the formation and evolution of the Zhangjiajie geomorphy into a new study framework, i.e. the whole geological and geomorphic evolution history of the Wuling Mountais area. 武陵源风景区地处整体呈北东走向的武陵山脉东北部，属于中国三大地貌阶梯中第二 与第三阶梯间的过渡地带。该区属于洞庭湖支流澧水的一级支流——溇水河主要支流索溪 峪流域的上游地区。该风景区内主要出露三套近水平的古生代沉积地层，从下到上分别为 志留纪的中薄层砂、泥岩互层地层（小溪峪组）、泥盆纪的厚层（最厚