输电线路专业英语.PPT

Geothermal. Heat from the earth’s interior and subsurface water combine to produce natural steam, which can be used for electricity production. Total reserves are (estimated at) up to about half of the total gas and oil reserves. Expectations are that this resource will continue to be developed, but that it will only make a minor contribution to the total energy supply. Biomass. Synthetic gas can be produced from organic material grown expressly for this purpose. Currently the amount of electrical energy produced from this source is negligible, and is not expected to be very significant in the future. Garbage and Sewage. There are combustible components in garbage that can be used as fuel; these components are separated from noncombustible items and mixed with coal. Sewer gases are also combustible. In certain situations utilization of these fuels may prove to be economical; however, such installations should be viewed as supplementary, and would contribute only a small fraction of the total energy supply. Non-thermal Sources Hydro. Hydroelectric power has been an economical and pollution free course of energy. It currently stands at about 12％ of the total energy supply. It has the advantage of being immediately (within seconds at least) available, whereas thermal sources meet demand at a much slower rate. Hydroelectric sources are constrained by navigational requirements and actual or predicted rainfall. Tidal. There are a few sites around the world where it proves economical to convert the change in potential energy caused by tide levels into an electrical form. The percentage of total energy supply output is quite small, and expected to remain so. Wind. Wind can be used to drive turbines that in turn drive electricity generators, because wind is intermittent, such a system must include energy storage devices, such as batteries, or supply loads that are tolerant of unpredictable source interruptions. As isolated electric power supplies, such systems are n