培根的《论读书》Of Studies (原文和译文).doc

Of Studies STUDIES?serve?for?delight,?for?ornament,?and?for?ability.? Their?chief?use?for?delight,?is?in?privateness?and?retiring;? for?ornament,?is?in?discourse;?and?for?ability,?is?in?the? judgment,?and?disposition?of?business.?For?expert?men?can? execute,?and?perhaps?judge?of?particulars,?one?by?one;?but? the?general?counsels,?and?the?plots?and?marshalling?of?affairs,? come?best,?from?those?that?are?learned.?To?spend?too?much?time? in?studies?is?sloth;?to?use?them?too?much?for?ornament,?is? affectation;?to?make?judgment?wholly?by?their?rules,?is?the? humor?of?a?scholar.?They?perfect?nature,?and?are?perfected? by?experience:?for?natural?abilities?are?like?natural?plants,? that?need?pruning,?by?study;?and?studies?themselves,?do?give? forth?directions?too?much?at?large,?except?they?be?bounded?in? by?experience.?Crafty?men?contemn?studies,?simple?men?admire? them,?and?wise?men?use?them;?for?they?teach?not?their?own?use;? but?that?is?a?wisdom?without?them,?and?above?them,?won?by? observation.?Read?not?to?contradict?and?confute;?nor?to?believe? and?take?for?granted;?nor?to?find?talk?and?discourse;?but?to? weigh?and?consider.?Some?books?are?to?be?tasted,?others?to?be? swallowed,?and?some?few?to?be?chewed?and?digested;?that?is,? some?books?are?to?be?read?only?in?parts;?others?to?be?read,? but?not?curiously;?and?some?few?to?be?read?wholly,?and?with? diligence?and?attention.?Some?books?also?may?be?read?by?deputy,? and?extracts?made?of?them?bothers;?but?that?would?be?only?in? the?less?important?arguments,?and?the?meaner?sort?of?books,? else?distilled?books?are?like?common?distilled?waters,?flashy? things.? Reading?make?a?full?man;?conference?a?ready?man;?and?writing? an?exact?man.?And?therefore,?if?a?man?write?little,?he?had? need?have?a?great?memory;?if?he?confer?little,?he?had?need? have?a?present?wit:?and?if?he?read?little,?he?had?need?have? much?cunning,?to?seem?to?know,?that?he?doth?not.?Histories? make?men?wise;?poets?witty;?the?mathem