中国医科大学《生物化学》课件-nucleic acid.pptVIP

* FIGURE 8-38 (part 3) Some coenzymes containing adenosine. The adenosine portion is shaded in light red. Coenzyme A (CoA) functions in acyl group transfer reactions; the acyl group (such as the acetyl or acetoacetyl group) is attached to the CoA through a thioester linkage to the β-mercaptoethylamine moiety. NAD+ functions in hydride transfers, and FAD, the active form of vitamin B2 (riboflavin), in electron transfers. Another coenzyme incorporating adenosine is 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12 (see Box 17-2), which participates in intramolecular group transfers between adjacent carbons. * FIGURE 8-39 Three regulatory nucleotides. Summary Bases: A,T,C,G,U D-Ribose,D-2’-Deoxyribose Nucleosides, Nucleotides (NTP,dNTP) 3’,5’-phosphodiester bond Double Helix Supercoil and Chromatin tRNA cloverleaf Tm,denaturation,hybridization NAD，NADP,FAD,FMN,CoA * Nucleic acids are long polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides contain a 5 carbon sugar, a weakly basic nitrogenous compound (base), one or more phosphate groups. Nucleosides are similar to nucleotides but have no phosphate groups. FIGURE 8-1a Structure of nucleotides. (a) General structure showing the numbering convention for the pentose ring. This is a ribonucleotide. In deoxyribonucleotides the —OH group on the 2′ carbon (in red) is replaced with —H. * FIGURE 8-1b Structure of nucleotides. (b) The parent compounds of the pyrimidine and purine bases of nucleotides and nucleic acids, showing the numbering conventions. * FIGURE 8-2 Major purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids. Some of the common names of these bases reflect the circumstances of their discovery. Guanine, for example, was first isolated from guano (bird manure), and thymine was first isolated from thymus tissue. * FIGURE 8-2 (part 1) Major purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids. Some of the common names of these bases reflect the circumstances of their discovery. Guanine, for example, was first isolated from guano (bi