06 System Grounding - Schneider Electric（06施耐德电气接地系统）.pdf

Section 6: System Grounding Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services Introduction The topic of system grounding is extremely important, as it affects the susceptibility of the system to voltage transients, determines the types of loads the system can accommodate, and helps to determine the system protection requirements. The system grounding arrangement is determined by the grounding of the power source. For commercial and industrial systems, the types of power sources generally fall into four broad categories: A Utility Service – The system grounding is usually determined by the secondary winding configuration of the upstream utility substation transformer. B Generator – The system grounding is determined by the stator winding configuration. C Transformer – The system grounding on the system fed by the transformer is determined by the transformer secondary winding configuration. D Static Power Converter – For devices such as rectifiers and inverters, the system grounding is determined by the grounding of the output stage of the converter. Categories A to D fall under the NEC definition for a “separately-derived system.” The recognition of a separately- derived system is important when applying NEC requirements to system grounding, as discussed below. All of the power sources mentioned above except “D” are magnetically-operated devices with windings. To understand the system voltage relationships with respect to system grounding, it must be recognized that there are two common ways of connecting device windings: wye and delta. These two arrangements, with their system voltage relationships, are shown in figure 6-1. As can be seen from the figure, in the wye-connected arrangement there are four terminals, with the phase-to-neutral voltage for each phase set by the winding voltage and the resulting phase-to-phase voltage set by the vector relationships between the voltages. The delta configuration has only three termi