Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal （意识,前意识的,潜意识）.pdf

ARTICLE IN PRESS Opinion TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.xx No.xx Monthxxxx Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy 1,2 2,3 1 ´ ˆ 1 Stanislas Dehaene , Jean-Pierre Changeux , Lionel Naccache , Jerome Sackur and Claire Sergent1 1INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Service Hospitalier Fre´de´ric Joliot, Orsay, France 2Colle`ge de France, Paris, France 3CNRS Unit, Receptors and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Of the many brain events evoked by a visual stimulus, processing, we distinguish a transient ‘preconscious’ state which are specifically associated with conscious percep- of activity in which information is potentially accessible, tion, andwhichmerelyreflectnon-conscious processing? yet not accessed. Several recent neuroimaging studies have contrasted conscious and non-conscious visual processing, but their results appear inconsistent. Some support a correlation An enabling condition: vigilance of conscious perception with early occipital events, The term ‘consciousness’ has multiple meanings, one of others with late parieto-frontal activity. Here we attempt them intransitive (e.g. ‘the patient regained conscious- to make sense of these dissenting results. On the basis of ness’), and the other transitive (e.g. ‘consciousness of the global neuronal workspace hypothesis, we propose a color’). To avoid further confusion, we abandon the term taxonomy that distinguishes between vigilance and and use ‘states of vigilance’ to refer to the non-transitive access to conscious report, as well as between sub-