Glycolysis Respiration.ppt - Nicholls State （糖酵解和呼吸。）.pdf

Metabolism - Part 1 Glycolysis Respiration Cells harvest chemical energy from foodstuffs in a series of exergonic reactions. The harvested energy can then be used to power energy demanding processes including endergonic reactions. 1 Metabolism - the sum of all chemical processes carried out by living cells Catabolism - the chemical reactions that break larger molecules into smaller molecules. It is usually an exergonic process. Anabolism - the chemical reactions that form larger molecules from smaller molecules. It is usually an endergonic process. Autotroph - an organism that obtains its energy from sunlight or inorganic chemicals. Plants, photosynthetic protists, and pphotosyynthetic pprokaryyotes are autotropphs. Heterotroph - an organism that obtains its energy by consuming and degrading organic molecules. Some eat other organisms, some parasitize, some degrade the remains of once- living organisms. Animals, Fungi, many protists and most prokaryotes are heterotrophs. 2 1 Glucose is the preferred energy source of all organisms and it is the principal product of photosynthesis. Glucose breakdown can be aerobic (using oxygen) or anaerobic ((without oxygygen)). Anaerobic metabolism of glucose is also known as anaerobic glycolysis or fermentation. Aerobic metabolism of glucose is known as glycolysis and respiration. Complete aerobic metabolism of glucose produces water and carbon dioxide as products. C H O + 6 O →6 CO + 6 H O 6 12 6 2 2 2 Energy is released in this process. The overall ΔG of glucose breakdown in cells is -720 kcal/mole. Normally about 32% of the energy released is captured t