分组交换的优点.pptVIP

William StallingsData and Computer Communications7th Edition Chapter 10 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Contents 10.1 Switched Communications Networks 交换通信的网络 10.2 Circuit-Switching Networks 电路交换网络 10.6 Packet-Switching Principles 分组交换（包交换）网络 10.7 X.25 X.25网络 10.8 Frame Relay 帧中继网络 10.1 Switched Communications Networks 电路交换： 两部电话机需要用一对电线互相连接起来。 Why use switching 5 部电话机两两相连，需 10 对电线。 Why use switching 当电话机的数量增多时，就要使用交换机来完成全网的交换任务。 电路交换的特点 Characteristics Dedicated communication path between two stations Three phases Establish Transfer Disconnect Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to establish connection Fig. 10.2 Public Circuit Switched Network Circuit Establishment Circuit Switching – Characteristics P303 Inefficient Channel capacity dedicated (专用)for duration of connection(连接期间) If no data, capacity wasted Set up (connection) takes time Data rate is fixed Both ends must operate at the same rate 10.6 Packet-Switching Principles p318 Data are transmitted in short packets Longer messages split into series of packets 在发送端，先把较长的报文划分成较短的、固定长度的数据段。 Each packet contains a portion of user data plus some control info 每一个数据段前面添加上首部构成分组。首部都含有地址等控制信息。 Packets are received, stored briefly (buffered) and past on to the next node 分组到达交换机，先存储下来。交换机根据首部中的地址信息，把分组转发到下一个结点交换机。 用这样的存储转发方式，最后分组就能到达最终目的地。 分组交换网的示意图 注意分组的存储转发过程 路由器 在路由器中的输入和输出端口之间没有直接连线。 路由器处理分组的过程是： 把收到的分组先放入缓存（暂时存储）； 查找转发表，找出到某个目的地址应从哪个端口转发； 把分组送到适当的端口转发出去。 Advantages Line efficiency is greater Single node to node link can be shared by many packets over time Data rate conversion 改变 Each station connects to the local node at its own speed Nodes buffer data if required to equalize rates Packets are accepted even when network is busy Delivery delay increases Priorities can be used 优先级 分组交换带来的问题 分组在各结点存储转发时需要排队，这就会造成一定的时延。 分组必须携带的首部（里面有必不可少的控制信息）也造成了一定的开销。 10.1.1 Switching Technique 实现分组交换的2种交换技术 Packets handled in