程序错误的形式化定义和程序容错能力的分级 - 兰州大学.PDF

兰州大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 52(4) / 8 月 Journal of Lanzhou University ：Natural Sciences，2016 ，52(4) / August 程序错误的形式化定义和程序容错能力的分级 1 2 2 刘晓建 , 朱智林 , 杜慧秋 1. 西安科技大学 计算机学院, 西安 710054 2. 山东工商学院 信息与电子工程学院, 山东 烟台 264005 摘 要：针对程序失效相关概念的形式化定义和程序容错能力的分级, 分析了程序缺陷、状态偏差 以及程序失效等基本概念之间的差异, 并在基于状态的程序行为理论的框架下, 形式化定义了这些 概念. 从程序安全和活性的可满足性方面, 给出了一个程序容错能力的分级方案, 有助于相关概念的 准确理解以及系统的对现有方法容错能力的区分. 关键词：程序失效; 程序语义; 容错; 形式化方法; 软件安全性 中图分类号：TP311 文献标识码：A 文章编号: 0455-2059(2016)04-0557-07 DOI: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2016.04.023 Formal definition of program faults and hierarchy of program fault-tolerant abilities 1 2 2 Liu Xiao-jian , Zhu Zhi-lin , Du Hui-qiu 1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Xian University of Science and Technology, Xian 710054, China 2. School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China Abstract: Two issues were addressed: the formal definitions of the concepts relevant to program faults, and the comparison and classification of program fault-tolerant abilities. First, the subtle differences were analyzed between these basic concepts: faults, errors and failures, and represented their formal definitions by using the state-based theory of program behavior; then a hierarchy for software fault-tolerant abilities was proposed from the aspect of satisfying the safety and liveness properties. The main purpose of this work was to facilitate an accurate understanding of basic concepts and classifying fault-tolerant abilities of different approaches in a sys- tematic way. Key words: program fault; program semantic; fault-tolerance; formal method; software safet