化学矿化.ppt

化学成矿学Chemical Metallogeny The geology of mineral deposits Economic Geology-three aspects: Scientific study-an understanding of known mineral deposits in terms of their distribution, characteristics and genesis Exploration-discovery and evaluation of new mineral deposits Exploitation-investigation of a deposit being mined for maintaining adequate reserves and optimum grade 本课程重点讨论上述任务的第一项,也是最基本的任务.涉及以下问题: What is ore deposit? Where are ore deposits come from? How deposits were formed? How variable are the characteristics of given class of deposits? Were some geologic environments particularly favorable for the emplacement of these deposits? What were the controls of mineralization? What ore-forming processes were involved? Do we understanding the deposits well enough to formulate a generalized genetic model that would account for the observed characteristics, be compatible with the crustal evolution in space and time, and serve as a discriminating exploration guide for this of deposits? Metallogeny: The study of the genesis of mineral deposits, with emphasis on their relationships in space and time to geological features of earth’s crust. Chemical Metallogeny: Application of the geochemical knowledge and principles to the understanding of the nature and origin of mineral occurrences and ore-forming processes.It is a processes-orientated discipline. 成矿作用 ore-forming processes 在地球演化过程中,使分散在地壳和上地幔中的化学元素在一定地质环境中相对富集而形成矿床的作用.是地质作用的一部分. Ore-forming processes Extraction of the constituents Transport of the constituents in a fluid medium from the source region to the site of deposition Localization of the constituents at certain favorable sites Metallogeny-Chemical Metallogeny 化学成矿学 Chemical Metallogeny 从矿床形成的化学机理角度研究矿床特别是金属矿床成矿作用的学科--研究矿床形成的化学机理. 成矿作用地球化学 Geochemistry of ore-forming processes. 为什么地壳中某一部分比其它地方更为富集某种矿床？ 为什么南非Witwatersrand盆地和Bushveld杂岩体如此富集Au,Cr和Pt组元素？前者Au储量达4.8万吨，其中Welkom Basal一条矿脉Au的储量就达6500吨，是一个超巨型矿床.后者Cr储量34亿吨。 为什么加拿大Sudbury如此富Ni？而南美洲安第斯山脉如此富集大型斑岩铜矿床？