河流专题（River topics）.doc

河流专题（River topics） First, the main types of river water supply: one-way supply and two-way supply The one-way recharge Yushui (varies with precipitation, mostly in the eastern monsoon region) The most important recharge water source Supply discontinuity The runoff changes greatly Alpine snow (varies with the change of temperature in the northwest) Supply time is mainly in summer Continuity during replenishment The daily and seasonal changes of runoff in reason: [inland] large daily and annual temperature range, interannual variation The seasonal snow melt water (northeast, the western mountainous area; global general at 45 to 60 degrees) Time is in spring The size of the supply depends on the amount of snow and the temperature Supply period continuous Rivers often have two rainy seasons in spring and summer The two-way recharge The lake water (generally) Source supply: time is the whole year [Songhua River source] Non source supply: it has complementary relation with river water, and plays a role in reducing the peak and reinforcing the dry water The groundwater The most stable and reliable, the most common Complementary with river water The most significant especially in Karst landform (sinkholes, erosion funnel, underground river) The favorable conditions for groundwater infiltration are: low rainfall intensity, long duration, low land slope and good vegetation cover Two. Changes of river runoff The seasonal variation of runoff in the south of China: (smaller) northwest North (larger) (max) The interannual variations of runoff in South China: smaller, larger in the North: [Summer Monsoon], the minimum C. human activities can also cause changes in city, deforestation, reclamation of land from the lake. The influence of urbanization on river runoff change: more impervious soil covers the ground after urbanization, and a large number of wetlands and water systems are buried [attention: analysis of recharge from rivers; variation in runoff rate] Three. River charact