液-液萃取（Liquid-liquid extraction）.docVIP

液-液萃取（Liquid-liquid extraction） Liquid-liquid extraction Liquid liquid extraction principle, calculation and equipment Summary The principle of treating a liquid homogeneous mixture is achieved by separating the solubility differences of each component in a particular solvent * basic process: mixing and clarifying * basic concepts: The soluble group of solute A: in raw liquor. The diluent B: raw material liquid insoluble components. The extraction solvent of S:. Extract essence * extraction phase E: extraction of a product containing more than one phase of solute A * extraction phase R: extracts a phase with more diluent B in the product * E and R are mixtures, not pure components, so the extraction is only to convert the difficult to separate material into easily separated material Applicability of extraction compared with distillation * the relative volatility of the two components is close to 1, which is suitable for extraction; * the content of volatile components is very high, and the distillation process requires a large amount of the components to be gasified so that the energy consumption is high * system of heat sensitive components, not high temperature operation. The triangular phase diagram represents the composition of the system * composition of the whole system is determined by mass fraction * vertex: represents pure components * edge: represents two binary systems. The content of a component is at that point at concentration 1 and the other is concentration 0. * the points in the triangle: represent the three element system. The value of a component can be derived from the value of the intersection point of the point on the opposite side of the line parallel to the edge Phase equilibrium relation of three element system 1 * the solubility curve -- from the two-phase region into a series of mixed melting point and the formation of the curve of phase. * in the two phase region of the connecting line, the three element system is unstable and eventually