表面活性剂总结（Surfactant summary）.docVIP

表面活性剂总结（Surfactant summary） 1. why does surfactant reduce surface tension? Surfactants are amphiphilic structure, when the solution after adding the surfactant, the lipophilic group to the surface movement of anhydrous, hydrophilic group under the surface results in solution, the surfactant concentration on the surface than in the internal solution, (positive adsorption phenomenon). A substance that produces positive adsorption is called surfactant. The application of cationic surface active matters needing attention: 1, not with the anionic surfactant Na2SiO3, and sharing; 2, NO3, CMC protein, alkaloids, most will occur function failure; 3, can interact with direct dyes or fluorescent dye, make the fabric fade. For example: washing powder can not add cationic surfactant, because laundry detergent contains anionic surfactant, CMC, Na2SiO3.5H2O and so on, and alkaline. 3. the thermal degradation mechanism of PVC: when the PVC is heated to more than 100 DEG C, the resin degrades and releases hydrogen chloride. The color becomes yellow, brown until black, and the properties become brittle and lose the use value. When the heat stabilizer is added, the said phenomenon can be prevented. The results show that there are several explanations for the thermal ionization of HCl, such as free radical mechanism, ionic mechanism, single molecule mechanism, molecular ion mechanism and radical radical mechanism of PVC. What is the mechanism of heat stabilizers: why can thermal stabilizers play the role of thermal stabilization? Because the heat stabilizer can absorb the HCl which is removed when the PVC is degraded 3PbO-PbSO4-H2O+6HCl - 3PbCl2+PbSO4+4H2O (C12H25COO) 2Cd+2HCl - CdCl2+2C12H25COOH The mechanism of 4. external antistatic agent: external antistatic agent with water, alcohol and other organic solvent as solvent or dispersant, when the antistatic agent solution impregnated polymer, lipophilic antistatic agent part firmly attached on the surface of the material, and the hyd