生物易错（Biological error prone）.doc

生物易错（Biological error prone） Compared with other biomembrane, the cell membrane has higher carbohydrate content, The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is characterized by cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes Only a handful of viral genetic material is RNA, for example: SARS virus, AIDS virus, influenza virus, tobacco mosaic virus, plantain, other organisms such as eukaryotes, bacteria are DNA as genetic material. The genetic material of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is DNA, but the genetic material of eukaryotes mainly exists on chromosomes, but prokaryotes do not have this structure. Cell structures include cell walls, membranes, nuclei, and nuclei. The cell walls are all of the plants and lower animals, at the outermost, next to the membrane, the membranes are present in all cells; the cytoplasm includes the cytoplasm, the stroma, and organelles; the nucleus is also in the stroma. There is no nucleus in the organelle! Mitochondria and chloroplasts belong to organelles! In the cytosol. Six. Preparation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies 1. process: first, have a single B lymphocyte immune fusion with myeloma cells, the hybridoma cells were screened to culture medium in specific selective culture of hybridoma cells and then screened hybridoma cells to produce specific antibodies, in vitro cultured mouse or injected into the body, to extract large amounts of monoclonal antibody. 2. advantages: compared with conventional antibodies, monoclonal antibodies have the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity. Four, the technical means of cell engineering The technique of plant cell engineering is plant tissue culture The theoretical basis of hybridization with plant cells is the totipotent nature of cells. The common methods used in animal cell engineering are animal cell culture, animal cell fusion, monoclonal antibody, embryo transfer and nuclear transplantation. Summary of related knowledge in cell submicroscopic str