其他生物的深度知觉.PPT

* * * * Figure 8.30: Afterimage stimulus. * Figure 8.31: The principle behind the observation that the size of an afterimage increases as the afterimage is viewed against more distant surfaces. * Figure 8.32: The size of this wheel becomes apparent when it can be compared to an object of known size, such as the person. If the wheel were seen in total isolation, it would be difficult to know that it is so large. * Figure 8.33: Two cylinders resting on a texture gradient. The fact that the bases of both cylinders cover about one unit on the gradient indicates that the bases of the two cylinders are the same size. * * * * * * Figure 8.40: The Ames room. Both women are actually the same height, but the woman on the right appears taller because of the distorted shape of the room. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 8.18: A scene in a movie theater in the 1950s, when three-dimensional movies were first introduced. The glasses create different images in the left and right eyes, and the resulting disparity leads to a convincing impression of depth. * * * * * Figure 8.17: Binocular Depth From a Picture, Without a Stereoscope. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 8.27: Both of these objects have the same visual angle, even though there is a huge difference in their physical sizes. * * Ponzo illusion 誤用大小恆常性調節機制 Ames room Fig. 8-40, p. 187 Figure 8.41 The Ames room, showing its true shape. The woman on the left is actually almost twice as far away from the observer as the woman on the right; however, when the room is viewed through the peephole, this difference in distance is not seen. In order for the room to look normal when viewed through the peephole, it is necessary to enlarge the left side of the room. 月亮錯覺（Moon illusion） 表面距離理論（apparent distance theory） 地表附近有許多建築或其他結構，提供深度線索，所以月亮看來較中天遠 角度大小對照理論(angular size contrast theory) 月亮在中天時，周遭背景較大，所以顯得較小 2005/6/23 Figure 8.42 An artist’s conception of the moon illusion showing the moon on the horizon and high in the s