新世纪英语Unit 2 Book 2.pptVIP

2. 段落的扩展方法 列举法特点： 列举法是指将数种因素一一列出，如原因、症状、优点、缺点、变化、特点等。 用列举法发展段落时，主题句常包含有表示数量的词，如 several, many, three 等。 ①For one thing, … . For another, … . ② To begin with / To start with, … . In addition, … . Last but not least, … . ③ First of all / In the first place / Initially, … . What’s more / Furthermore / Additionally /Moreover, … . Finally / Lastly /, … . 常用于列举法的过渡词: 举例法的特点 举例法是通过典型事例对主题进行说明。 一般说来,所举的例子要具体，有说服力，有助于说明主题句中的主导思想。 ① One example is … . Another example is … ② This can be illustrated by …(sth) ③ An example of this is/involves …(sth) / that …(从句) ④ A case in point is …(sth) / that …(从句) 或者：… (sth) is a case in point ⑤ There are many examples to show that …(从句) ⑥ …(sth) can be illustrated/ shown by the following examples/instances. ⑦ For example, for instance, +句子 / To illustrate this point, let me give you an example. ⑧ Take sth as an example. …, such as, … (sth / doing sth) 常用于举例法的过渡词: 因果法的特点： 通常因果法有以下两种模式: 1) 原因分析型：在主题句中先介绍某一事实或结果，然后对这一事实或结果的原因进行分析。 通常因果法有以下两种模式: 2) 结果分析型：在主题句中先点明要讨论的事件或事实，然后分析已经或将要发生的结果。 引出原因: ① The explanation is that … ② There are several reasons why/ for … ③ The cause of … is … / The reasons for … are … ④… result from / is the result of … ⑤… is caused by/ due to/ because of … ⑥ One effect of / consequence of … was … ⑦… as a result of / as a consequence of…. 常用于因果关系法的过渡词: 引出结果: ① … ; as a result / as a consequence / therefore / thus / consequently / hence, … ② … result in / cause / lead to / contribute to / give rise to … ③ … is a cause of / a reason for …. ④ The result/ effect/ consequence of … is … 常用于因果关系法的过渡词: 比较、对照法： Comparison and Contrast: 通过比较两个事物或一个事物的两个方面的相似点或不同点来支持主题句。 比较是阐述所比对象的相同、类似方面；而对照则是阐述其不同甚至相反之处 。 比较、对照的写作方法通常有以下两个模式 先阐述甲方，再阐述乙方，即： 甲1，甲2，甲3……；乙1，乙2，乙3 ……; 2) 两方同时阐述，逐条比较，即： 甲1，乙1；甲2，乙2；甲3，乙3；…… 特点： 比较相同点时常用的词语： ① A is like / similar to B/ the same as B (in…) ② A and B are the same / alike / similar in … ③ A shares some common features with B. ④ There are