Basic Panel Data Commands in STATA （基本占据面板数据命令）.pdf

Basic Panel Data Commands in STATA Panel data refers to data that follows a cross section over time—for example, a sample of individuals surveyed repeatedly for a number of years or data for all 50 states for all Census years. • reshape There are many ways to organize panel data. Data with one observation for each cross section and time period is called the “long” form of the data: state year unem 1 1980 .052 2 1980 .074 3 1980 .065 4 1980 .031 1 1990 .081 2 1990 .032 3 1990 .045 4 1990 .043 Data with one observation for each cross section unit is called the “wide” form of the data: state unem1980 unem1990 1 .052 .081 2 .074 .032 3 .065 .045 4 .031 .043 Stata can easily go back and forth between the two types using the reshape command. reshape wide unemrate taxrate, i(state) j(year) reshape long unemrate taxrate, i(state) j(year) This is a fairly complex command to use, so read the manual documentation before doing it. Make sure that if your data is in the “wide” form, that the variable stem name (unem in the example above) is consistent across years and the year suffix is consistent. (For example, if your year suffix is 98, 99, 00, Stata will put 00 as a year before 99.) A few more useful panel data commands to look up: • The by: construction. We covered this before, but you will use it a lot with panels. • collapse: makes a dataset of summary data statistics. For example, you can take a dataset of individual level data and collapse it into mean