CellCell Interactions（信息的交互）.pdf

7 Cell-Cell Interactions Concept Outline 7.1 Cells signal one another with chemicals. Receptor Proteins and Signaling between Cells. Receptor proteins embedded in the plasma membrane change shape when they bind specific signal molecules, triggering a chain of events within the cell. Types of Cell Signaling. Cell signaling can occur between adjacent cells, although chemical signals called hormones act over long distances. 7.2 Proteins in the cell and on its surface receive signals from other cells. Intracellular Receptors. Some receptors are located within the cell cytoplasm. These receptors respond to lipid- soluble signals, such as steroid hormones. Cell Surface Receptors. Many cell-to-cell signals are water-soluble and cannot penetrate membranes. Instead, the signals are received by transmembrane proteins protruding out from the cell surface. 7.3 Follow the journey of information into the cell. FIGURE 7.1 Persimmon cells in close contact with one another. These Initiating the Intracellular Signal. Cell surface receptors plant cells and all cells, no matter what their function, interact often use “second messengers” to transmit a signal to the with their environment, including the cells around them. cytoplasm. Amplifying the Signal: Protein Kinase Cascades. Surface receptors and second messengers amplify signals as id you know that each of the 100 trillion cells of your they travel into the cell, often toward the cell nucleus. Dbody shares one key feature with the cells of tigers, bumblebees, and persimmons (figure 7.1)—a feature that