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Centre of Mass McMaster Physics and Astronomy(质量中心麦克马斯特物理学和天文学)
Centre of Mass
• Centre of Mass, Centre of Gravity
• Rigid-body equilibrium
Serway 12.1-12.3; and parts of 9.6, 10.6
Practice problems:
Chapter 9, problems 45, 48
Chapter 12, problems 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, 15.
Physics 1D03
Equilibrium of a Particle
Equilibrium: no motion (no acceleration).
Newton’s 2nd Law, ∑F = ma = 0
The vector sum of forces acting on a
body in equilibrium is zero.
This leads to 3 independent equations (e.g., for x,
y, z components); or 2 equations in 2-D problems.
For a particle, this is the whole story.
Physics 1D03 - Lecture 27 2
Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
1) a = 0 (no translational acceleration), so
ΣF = 0 (no net force)
2) αα = 0 (no angular acceleration), so
αα
Στ = 0 (no net torque)
Net external forces and net external torque must be zero
for a body in equilibrium.
Physics 1D03 - Lecture 27 5
The uniform beam (weight 4.00 N, length L) is supported by a
pin at one end, and a scale that can be placed anywhere along
the beam. What will the scale read if it is
scale
a) at the end of the beam (shown)?
b) at the centre of the beam?
c) at distance ¼ L from the pin?
d) at distance ¾ L from the pin?
Physics 1D03
Where should we choose the “pivot point” when calculating torques?
(Answer: In Equilibrium problems, it doesn’t matter.)
Theorem: If the net force on a body is zero, then
the total torque due to all forces will not depend on
the choice of “pivot point”.
In particular, if Fnet = 0, then, i
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