Chapter 2 Flow andTransport Equations（第二章andTransport流动方程）.pdf

Copyright ©2006 by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics This electronic version is for personal use and may not be duplicated or distributed. Chapter 2 Flow and Transport Equations 2.1 Introduction Mathematical models of petroleum reservoirs have been utilized since the late 1800s. A mathematical model consists of a set of equations that describe the flow of fluids in a petroleum reservoir, together with an appropriate set of boundary and/or initial conditions. This chapter is devoted to the development of such a model. Fluid motion in a petroleum reservoir is governed by the conservation of mass, mo- mentum, and energy. In the simulation of flow in the reservoir, the momentum equation is given in the form of Darcy’s law (Darcy, 1856). Derived empirically, this law indicates a linear relationship between the fluid velocity relative to the solid and the pressure head gradient. Its theoretical basis was provided by, e.g., Whitaker (1966); also see the books by Bear (1972) and Scheidegger (1974). The present chapter reviews some models that are known to be of practical importance. There are several books available on fluid flow in porous media. The books by Muskat (1937; 1949) deal with the mechanics of fluid flow, the one by Collins (1961) is concerned with the practical and theoretical bases of petroleum reservoir engineering, and the one by Bear (1972) treats the dynamics and statics of fluids. The books by Peaceman (1977) and Aziz and Settari (1979) (also see Mattax and Dalton, 1990) present the application of finite difference methods to fluid flow in porous med