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Chapter 21 Electromagnetic Induction and (21个电磁感应和章)
Chapter 21
Electromagnetic Induction
and Faraday’s Law
Chapter 21
• Induced EMF
• Faraday’s Law of Induction; Lenz’s Law
• EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
• Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an EField
• Inductance *
• Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field *
Induced EMF
Almost 200 years ago, Faraday looked for
evidence that a magnetic field would induce
an electric current with this apparatus:
Induced EMF
He found no evidence of currents in Y when the
current in X was steady, but did see a current
induced when the switch was turned on or off. He
also observed a current when a magnet was moved
into or out of a loop, but not if it was kept stationary.
Induced EMF
Therefore, the appropriate conclusion is that a
changing magnetic field induces an emf.
Faraday’s experiment used a magnetic field that
was changing because the current producing it
was changing; the previous graphic shows a
magnetic field that is changing because the
magnet is moving.
Either type of change produces a current.
Faraday’s Law of Induction;
Lenz’s Law
More precise statement of experimental results:
The induced emf in a wire loop is proportional to the
rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop.
Magnetic flux:
Unit of magnetic flux: weber, Wb.
1 Wb = 1 T∙m2
Faraday’s Law of Induction;
Lenz’s Law
This drawing shows the variables in the defining
equation for magnetic flux:
Faraday’s Law of Induction;
Lenz’s Law
The magnetic flux is analogous to the electric flux –
it is proportional to the total number of field lines
passing through the loop.
Faraday’s Law of Induction;
Lenz’s Law
Faraday’s law of induction:
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