Design of a transmission grating spectrometer （透射光栅谱仪的设计）.pdf

Design of a transmission grating spectrometer and an undulator beamline for soft x-ray emission studies Takaki Hatsuia,b), Eiji Shigemasaa), and Nobuhiro Kosugia,b) a) Institute for Molecular Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan b) The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Abstract. A soft x-ray undulator beamline and an x-ray emission spectrometer have been designed for soft x-ray emission studies. The beamline has a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator, which enables the energy 4 2 resolution over 10 with a beam size down to 10 × 60 µm . The x-ray emission spectrometer has a Wolter type I mirror, a free-standing transmission grating, and a back-illuminated CCD. A high collection angle up to 1.5 × 10-3 sr is achieved by utilizing the Wolter mirror as a prefocusing system. The CCD is mounted at 1400 mm downstream of the grating on a Rowland torus mount. Diffracted x-rays are detected in the normal incidence geometry, resulting in high detection efficiency. The energy resolution is limited by the figure errors of the optical elements and the spatial resolution of the detector. INTRODUCTION High resolution soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in combination with synchrotron radiation as incident soft x-rays has been extensively studied since the development of a high energy resolution spectrometer by J. Nordgren et. al [1]. The design of their grazing-incidence spectrometer is based on the Rowland circle mount. In this case, the horizontal acceptance angle is mainly limited by the detector size. In order to achieve higher reso