入侵植物乌桕防御策略的适应性进化研究 - 植物生态学报.pdf

植物生态学报 2013, 37 (9): 889–900 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00092 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 入侵植物乌桕防御策略的适应性进化研究 黄 伟 王 毅 丁建清* 中国科学院武汉植物园, 中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 武汉 430074 摘 要 生长于不同昆虫群落胁迫下的植物地理种群可能进化出不同的防御策略。入侵植物在原产地同时受到专食性昆虫和 广食性昆虫的取食危害, 而在入侵地“逃逸” 了专食性昆虫的取食危害。入侵植物对不同类型昆虫防御策略的演化可能在其成 功入侵的过程中起着至关重要的作用。该文主要以原产中国入侵北美的木本植物乌桕(Triadica sebifera)为例, 并结合其他入 侵植物防御策略演化的研究, 从抗性和耐受性、直接抗性和间接抗性、组成抗性和诱导抗性三个方面系统分析不同昆虫选择 压力下入侵植物防御策略的演化, 同时探讨入侵植物防御策略演化对生物防治效果的影响, 指出未来的重点研究方向。 关键词 生物防治, 防御策略, 植物和昆虫互作关系, 入侵机制 A review of adaptive evolution of defense strategies in an invasive plant species, Chinese tal- low (Triadica sebifera) * HUANG Wei, WANG Yi, and DING Jian-Qing Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China Abstract Selection on defense strategies of plant species may be different in direction and magnitude among sites, because of differences in the herbivore communities in which plant populations are embedded. This may be the case for some invasive species, which are often introduced without coevolved specialists, but suffer generalist damage comparable to their native ones. We review recent advances in the adaptive evolution of defense strategies in Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) and other invasive plant species. We focus particularly on resistance and toler- ance, direct and indirect resistance, and constitutive and induced resistance to understanding the effects of herbi- vores on invasive plant success. Furthermore, we evaluate the effects of changes in defense strategies on the effi- ciency of biological control. We also propose future research on defense strategies of invasive plan