Geometric Design McGraw Hill Education（几何设计,麦格劳希尔教育）.pdf

CHAPTER 4 Geometric Design Geometric design for transportation facilities includes the design of geometric cross sections, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, intersections, and various design details. These basic elements are common to all linear facilities, such as roadways, railways, and airport runways and taxiways. Although the details of design standards vary with the mode and the class of facility, most of the issues involved in geometric design are similar for all modes. In all cases, the goals of geometric design are to max- imize the comfort, safety, and economy of facilities, while minimizing their environ- mental impacts. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of geometric design, and presents standards and examples from different modes. The order of presentation of material in this chapter is to consider geometric cross sections first, then vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, superelevation, intersec- tions, and various design details. For purposes of exposition, the order of the topics is not very important. In a typical design project, on the other hand, there is a definite order of tasks, in which the establishment of a tentative horizontal centerline usually precedes establishment of vertical alignment. This is because the elevation of the ex- isting ground along the centerline is an important consideration in establishing the ver- tical alignment. The process of designing the vertical alignment begins with plotting a profile of the existing terrain, and a tentative horizontal centerline must already be es- tablished in order to do this. 4.1 GEOMETRIC CROSS SECTION The primary consideration in the design of geometric cross sections for highways, run- ways, and taxiways is drainage. Details vary depending on the type of facility and 1,2 agency. 63 64 CHAPTER 4: Geometric Design Highway cros