Motor Efficiency and Power Factor University （电动机的效率和功率因数大学）.pdfVIP

Motor Efficiency and Power Factor ME 416/516 Motivation More than half of all electric energy generated goes to power electric motors. Electric motor converts electric power into shaft power. In thermodynamics terms, this is simply converting work from one form to another. The Second Law allows electric motors to have a theoretical efficiency of 100%. In reality, several types of power loss occur from where electricity leaves power plant to the point where shaft power leaves the motor. ME 416/516 Electric Power Losses 2 1. Transmission and transformer I R and hysteresis losses of real power component. 2. Transmission and transformer losses of imaginary power component. 3. Losses in the motor resulting from winding losses, frictional losses, etc. Loss 1 can be reduced by transmitting power at higher voltage: Power = V·I and Loss = I2R. Same power can be transmitted by increasing V and reducing I: losses are reduced as 1/V2 . ME 416/516 Electric Power Losses (Cont’d) Losses can also be reduced by decreasing R, but this means larger conductors (heavier wire) and copper is expensive. Loss 2 can be reduced by lowering imaginary, reactive part of current, which is accomplished by power factor improvement, discussed next. Loss 3 can be reduced by using more efficient motors, where electric motor efficiency is defined as: η= Shaft Power Out/Electric Power In ME 416/516 Motor Ratings An electric motor’s nameplate or rated power is its output power, not its electric input power. Electric power consumption is rated power divided by motor efficiency. Rated power depends on class of motor (which considers intended duty). Industrial grade motors usually are rated for continuous duty.