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Natural Convection SFU.ca(自然对流 SFU.ca)
Natural Convection
In natural convection, the fluid motion occurs by natural means such as buoyancy. Since
the fluid velocity associated with natural convection is relatively low, the heat transfer
coefficient encountered in natural convection is also low.
Mechanisms of Natural Convection
Consider a hot object exposed to cold air. The temperature of the outside of the object
will drop (as a result of heat transfer with cold air), and the temperature of adjacent air to
the object will rise. Consequently, the object is surrounded with a thin layer of warmer air
and heat will be transferred from this layer to the outer layers of air.
Warm air
Cool air
Hot object
Fig. 1: Natural convection heat transfer from a hot body.
The temperature of the air adjacent to the hot object is higher, thus its density is lower. As
a result, the heated air rises. This movement is called the natural convection current. Note
that in the absence of this movement, heat transfer would be by conduction only and its
rate would be much lower.
In a gravitational field, there is a net force that pushes a light fluid placed in a heavier fluid
upwards. This force is called the buoyancy force .
Ship
Water W
Displaced
volume
Buoyancy force
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