Nocardioforms Activated sludge（Nocardioforms 活性污泥）.pdfVIP

Nocardioforms Resembles : - Probes : phylum specific probe: HGC69a [6] and species specific probe: GOR0596 [1], see remarks Frequency occurrence (200 samples; 175 plants): • observed with a FI ≥ 1 in 24 samples • observed with a FI ≥ 3 in 5 samples Skermania piniformis Gordonia sp. Characteristics • short, truly branched filaments, frequently occurring in small ‘colonies’ of tangled filaments; • inside the flocs as well as free in the liquid between the flocs; • filament length variable but usually 200 µm; • cell diameter 0.6 – 2.0 µm, depending on the morphotype present; • septa visible in more robust species; • more or less square cells; • no sulphur storage, but other stored granules might be present; • usually Gram positive, but Gram variable morphotypes have been observed as well; • only Neisser positive if poly-P-granules are present; Remarks Nocardioforms, or mycolata or mycolaic acid containing Actinomycetes , belong, just like Candidatus Microthrix parvicella and Candidatus Microthrix calida to the phylum Actinobacteria and class Actinomycetes . The Actinobacteria were formerly known as high mol % G+C Gram positive bacteria. Unfortunately, the phylum specific probe HGC69a does not target all members of the Actinobacteria. Positive signals with this probe and the species specific probe GOR0596 were obtained in 53 % and 20 % respectively of the samples where nocardiofoms were observed with a FI ≥ 1 by conventional microscopy. Other species specific nocardioforms probes were not applied during the Dynafilm project. The group of the nocardioforms includes many different species [4]. Five ‘morphotypes’ were observed dur