PHYSICS CONCEPTS NEWTONIAN MECHANICS（牛顿力学物理概念）.pdfVIP

PHYSICS CONCEPTS NEWTONIAN MECHANICS KINEMATICS 1. Distance is the total length that an object in motion covers. Displacement is a vector quantity that indicates the change in position that an object moves in a particular direction. Average speed is the distance covered per unit time. Average velocity is the displacement divided by the time interval. 2. Acceleration occurs whenever there is a change of speed or direction of motion. 3. Free fall problems can be solved like other acceleration problems by substituting a for g = 9.8 m/s2 . The sign of g is (+) or (-) depending on the choice of up or down as the positive direction. It is OK to use g = 10 m/s2 in the multiple-choice section of the exam. 4. A ball rolled off a horizontal table will take the same amount of time to hit the ground as another dropped from the same height. 5. Projectile motion: a. horizontal and vertical components are independent, b. the horizontal component of the velocity remains constant, the vertical component has constant acceleration g, c. only the vertical component of the velocity at the maximum height is zero, d. for projectiles fired at an angle you may assign negative signs to all vectors going down. FORCES 6. For free-body-diagrams draw only the forces acting on the object in question. 7. Newtons First Law: for objects at rest or moving at constant velocity the net force is zero. 8. For Newtons Second Law: a net unbalanced force produces acceleration. 9. The normal force and the gravitational force are not an action-reaction pair. 10. Static friction exists between two surfaces when motion is impending; kinetic friction occurs when two surfaces are in relative motion. In either case, the friction forces are proportional to the normal force. 11. For inclined planes, the minimum coefficient of static friction µs tan θ WORK, ENERGY AND MOMENTUM 12. Work and energy are scalar quantities. 13. Work is equal to