Experientialism VS Objectivism_华卫译.pdf

Experientialism VS Objectivism_华卫译 经验论与客观论 ，孰是孰非？ 摘要：本文论述了两种对立的观点，一个是客观论，认为系统知识比主体经 验更重要，应该把数学作为一个知识体系来传递给学生；一个是经验论，认为主 体经验比系统知识更重要，应该通过学生与现实的互动来学习数学。这对于目前 新课程教学观的探讨，无疑有一定借鉴和启发作用。 关键字：经验论、客观论 一、文章翻译 Experientialism VS Objectivism 经验论与客观论，孰是孰非？ Harold Brochmann 哈罗德—布罗克曼 What is Mathematics? There are many answers to this question. The academician, the curriculum designer, the student, the engineer, the politician... are all likely to have different notions about the fundamental nature of mathematics which colour their opinions on what should be taught in school mathematics, how it should be presented, and what the ultimate purpose of the exercise is. Such notions about the nature of a thing are called conceptual systems. 数学是什么？有很多答案。学者、课程设计者、学生、工程师、政治家…… 可能对数学的本质持不同观点，这影响他们对下述问题的判断：学校的数学教什 么？怎么教？习题要达到什么根本目的？关于事物本质概念的描述，我们常称做 概念系统。 A conceptual system is an operationally useful metaphorical structure that we use to help us make sense of some aspect of the world. There is no such thing as a universally correct conceptual view of anything. But it may be that some perspectives are more appropriate in particular settings than others. In this section I advance the notion that present school mathematics reflects an inappropriate perspective of what mathematics is. 为了便于理解，我们可以把概念系统看成这样一个结构，以澄清世界某方面 的特征。不存在放之四海皆准的法则，但在特定情况下，某些观点会更接近真实。 这一节，我要提出这个观点：现阶段的学校数学没有正确反映数学的本质。 1 Experientialism VS Objectivism_华卫译 Conceptual systems can be broadly classified as being either objectivistic or experiential in nature. Of these, objectivism represen