Villanueva-2006-采样方法.pdf

Journal of Geochemical Exploration 89 (2006) 414 – 419 /locate/jgeoexp Comparative study of sampling methods and in situ and laboratory analysis for shallow-water submarine hydrothermal systems R.E. Villanueva a,b,⁎, R.M. Prol-Ledesma b , M.A. Torres-Vera c , C. Canet b , M.A. Armienta b , C.E.J. de Ronde d a Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra. UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, México, D.F. CP 04510, México b Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, México, D.F. CP 04510, México c CIIEMAD-IPN, México, D.F. México d GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand Received 16 August 2005; accepted 24 November 2005 Available online 24 March 2006 Abstract A primary aim for sampling of submarine hydrothermal vents is to minimize inclusion of ambient seawater. Here, we compare the results of three different sampling methods (air displacement, two-valve bottle, and syringes) for shallow submarine systems. Mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater is unavoidable; however, calculations based on linear mixing models allow estimation of the hydrothermal fluid end-member composition. The results show that sampling with a two-valve bottle and syringes are the best options because they allow collection of samples with a large proportion of hydrothermal fluid. Additionally, we compare the results of in situ and laboratory analyses of the fluid samples, and demonstrate that determination of chemical composition in situ is the best option for some components, as re-equilibration affects some component conce