初高中英语衔接----时态和语态.docVIP

初高中英语语法衔接-----语态与时态 动词时态 英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时 、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时 I. 一般现在时 1）经常性、习惯性的动作 I go to work by bus. 2）现在的特征或状态 I am a teacher and I teach English. I love sports. 3）普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. Water boils at 100℃. 2、谓语构成 1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数 Tom’s parents _____ to work by bike every day Li Tao _______ English every morning. 2) 否定句：谓语用 don’t/doesn‘t 加动词原形构成 I ________ (not get) up at six every morning. She ____________ (not watch) TV in the evening 3) 一般问句： 用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形） ---______ he _______ (work) in a plastic factory? ---No, he doesn’t. (4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句 ---___________ do you write to him? ---Once a month. II. 一般过去时 1、一般过去时用法：句中常有表示过去的时间状语如 yesterday, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等 1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 He bought a new bike last week. They were in the office just now. 2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football. 2、谓语构成 1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式 Yesterday, I _____ to a shop and _______ a pen. 2）否定句：助动词 didn’t 加动词原形 She ________(take) any money with her that day. 3）一般问句：助动词 Did 加陈述句（动词用原形） ---____ you _____ to the cinema last night? ---No, I didn’t. 4）特殊问句：疑问词 + 一般问句 ---_______ ____ you find your key? ---I _______ it under my desk. III. 一般将来时 1、一般将来时用法： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I will go to Tibet some day by plane. He will be busy tonight. 2、谓语构成 1）肯定句 （1）will do （第一人称也可用 shall ） She __________ back in twenty minutes. （2）be going to do a. 打算、计划做某事 I _______________ a dictionary tomorrow. b. 即将、眼看要发生 Look at the dark clouds. It________________ . （3）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来 The plane _________ at a quarter past nine. （4）某些动词如come, leave, go, move, start, arrive,