句子基本成分与常见句型.doc

句子的基本成分 主语S 需要说明，此处我们用 需要说明，此处我们用S＝主语 subject；V＝谓语 Verb；P＝表语 predicative；O＝宾语 object；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 object complement代替 主语是句子所要陈述的对象.它是一句话的头,它回答谁 什么的问题.作主语的主要是名词和代词 ,数词, 动名词,不定式, 词组，从句等. 例如: 1) who is speaking,please? . ( 代词作主语) 2) NO.1 middle school is the most beautiful one in Dazhou . ( 名词作主语) 3)----What makes you so upset. (疑问词作主语) ----- Losing the wallet. (动名词作主语) 4) Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life. (动名词作主语) 5) To see is to believe . (不定式作主语) 6) Whether he comes or not doesnt matter. (从句作主语) 7) Its important for you to finish his task . (不定式作主语) 有几个值得注意的问题: 1)动名词与不定式作主语意义不同, 动名词作主语一般说来指的是一个概念或一个既成事实,如 3) 句和4)句.而动词不定式作主语则表示将要发生的事, 如 7) 句 2) 在主系表结构中,主语和表语使用不定式还是使用动名词应当一致,如 5) 句主语是to see , 表语也是不定式, 此句还可以改成,Seeing is believing .主语和表语都是动名词 3) 动词不定式作主语经常由it来作形式主语, 如7) 句中, it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 for you to finish the task . 4) 名词化的形容词也能充当主语成分, 如: the rich ( 富人) , the poor ( 穷人) , the wounded (伤员), the dying (临死的人), 例句 : The wounded are now out of danger . (那些伤员已经脱离危险) 5)主语一般情况下放在句首,只有在疑问句或倒装句中后移. 拓展***** ?it最基本的用法是做作人称代词，主要是指刚提到的事物，以避免重复 1)Where is your car? --It’s in the garage We have $100.Will it be enough for a deposit? ***** ?it也可指抽象事物： It’s my fault Thanks for your help - It’s my pleasure ***** ?it 指天气 环境 距离 It’s still raining. It was pouring with rain It was very quiet in the cafe It’s two miles to the beach ***** it 在强调句中 It is Jack who met your sister in the park yesterday. It is your sister whom Jack met in the park yesterday. It is in the park that Jack met your sister yesterday. It was yesterday that Jack met your sister in the park It +动词be+强调部分+who(m)+其它部分 练习题 I. 找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的 1.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us . 2.Whether you dont like him is none of my business . 3.They live on a busy street . It must be very noisy . 4. There are some boys and gir