句子结构和成分2.doc

句子结构及成分（二） 定语： 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）,定语通常置后。 I have something important to tell you.(important修饰something,却放在后面) There is nothing interesting in the book.（ interesting 修饰 nothing） 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He went up to a policeman downstairs. （楼下的警察） 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人） The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.（距我家最近的那个商店） 介词短语作定语时要后置 The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩） 名词作定语一般用单数，但当woman, man作定语且后面名词为复数时，woman man 也要用复数 boy students, apple trees, men doctors, women nurses 动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置 I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话) The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩） The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子） 动名词、现在分词作定语时的区别 This is a swimming pool.(动名词作定语，表功能) The sleeping boy is only five.（现在分词作定语， 表正在进行） Else, 别的，其它的，通常放在不定代词和疑问词后作后置定语 Who else do you know? Somebody else might have taken it away. You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them?A. Where else B. Where place elseC. Where else place D. Else where enough修饰名词可前置或后置, enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。 Nearby可作形容词、副词，因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置 1) I haven’t got enough money. I can’t afford it.（形容词作定语） 2) We have time enough to do the work. （形容词短语作定语） 3) You can’t be careful enough. (副词作状语) 3) If you are in trouble, ask a policeman nearby for help. （副词作定语） = If you are in trouble, ask a nearby policeman for help. （形容词作定语） 用 划出下列句中的定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的 Tom is a handsome boy. His boy needs Toms pen. The boy in blue is Tom. The boy needs a ball pen. The boy there needs a pen. The boy to write this letter needs a pen. There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. There are five boys left. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. The boy you will know